The certified Peptides Research Guide
A comprehensive reference covering peptide classification, key research compounds, bioregulators, testing methodology, reconstitution, and storage — compiled for laboratory researchers and scientists.
What Are Peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Structurally distinct from proteins by their smaller size, they serve as signaling molecules, enzymatic substrates, and regulatory agents across virtually every biological system.
In research contexts, synthetic peptides are invaluable tools for probing biological pathways. Because their sequences can be precisely controlled, researchers can study structure–activity relationships, receptor binding kinetics, and downstream signaling cascades with a degree of specificity that smaller molecules often cannot match.
Peptide synthesis — predominantly solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) — allows the construction of any desired amino acid sequence with high efficiency and reproducibility. Modern SPPS enables the production of both linear and cyclized peptides, D-amino acid analogs, and PEGylated derivatives for specialized research applications.
Many research peptides are analogs or fragments of naturally occurring molecules, allowing researchers to study native signaling pathways in controlled in vitro environments.
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) enables exact sequence control, D-amino acid incorporation, isotopic labeling, and modifications like PEGylation or cyclization for specialized research.
Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides exhibit superior stability. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted and stored at −20 °C to −80 °C to prevent degradation.
Research-grade certified peptides require independent HPLC purity data and LC-MS identity confirmation. Certificates of Analysis document each batch’s analytical profile.
All certified peptide compounds supplied by BioLongevity Labs are Research Use Only (RUO). They are not intended for human or animal administration, and are not drugs, medications, or dietary supplements. All information in this guide is for scientific and educational purposes.
Peptide Classification
Research certified peptides are broadly categorized by their biological target, structural properties, and origin. Understanding these classifications helps researchers select the appropriate compound for their experimental model.
Certified Peptides studied in the context of tissue repair, wound healing, and extracellular matrix remodeling in vitro.
Compounds researched for their roles in telomere biology, gene expression modulation, and cellular aging models.
GHRH analogs and GHRPs used to study growth hormone secretion pathways and downstream metabolic effects in cell models.
Certified Peptides with research relevance to mitochondrial biogenesis, NAD+ metabolism, and energy homeostasis.
Short-chain (2–4 AA) peptides developed from organ-specific peptide fractions. Studied for tissue-specific regulatory activity.
Certified Peptides researched in neurological cell models, including neuroprotection, neurotrophic signaling, and sleep regulation studies.
Key Research Compounds
Detailed profiles of the most widely researched peptide compounds in the BioLongevity Labs catalog. All for research use only.
BPC-157 is a 15-amino acid synthetic peptide derived as a partial sequence from body protection compound found in gastric juice. It has been extensively studied in in vitro and animal models for its interactions with the nitric oxide system, angiogenesis pathways, and growth factor signaling. Research has examined its effects on fibroblast proliferation, endothelial cell migration, and extracellular matrix organization. It is a widely referenced compound in gastroenterological and musculoskeletal cell biology research.
| Sequence | 15 amino acids |
| CAS Number | 137525-51-0 |
| Format | Lyophilized powder |
| Vial Size | 10mg |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| Testing | HPLC + LC-MS + COA |
| Storage | −20 °C (lyophilized) |
TB-500 is a synthetic analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino acid protein. The research-relevant fragment Ac-SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKT retains the actin-binding domain of Tβ4. Studies have examined its roles in actin sequestration, cell migration, and angiogenic signaling. It is commonly used in wound healing cell models, cardiac cell research, and studies on endothelial tube formation. TB-500 is often studied alongside BPC-157 in combined in vitro models.
| Sequence | 17 amino acids (Tβ4 fragment) |
| CAS Number | 77591-33-4 |
| Format | Lyophilized powder |
| Vial Size | 10mg |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| Testing | HPLC + LC-MS + COA |
| Storage | −20 °C (lyophilized) |
Epithalon (Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) first described by Prof. Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation. It has been the subject of research into telomerase activation, telomere lengthening, and circadian rhythm regulation via the pineal gland. In vitro studies have examined its effects on telomerase activity in somatic cell models and its modulation of melatonin synthesis. It is one of the most cited short-chain longevity peptides in the scientific literature.
| Sequence | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (4 AA) |
| CAS Number | 307297-39-8 |
| Format | Lyophilized powder |
| Vial Size | 20mg |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| Testing | HPLC + LC-MS + COA |
| Storage | −20 °C (lyophilized) |
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-chelating tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) that forms a stable complex with Cu²⁺. It is endogenously present in human plasma, saliva, and urine, with concentration declining with age. Research has investigated its roles in collagen synthesis stimulation, antioxidant enzyme upregulation (SOD, catalase), anti-inflammatory gene expression, and wound healing models. GHK-Cu has also been studied for its effects on gene expression — published research documents its modulation of over 4,000 human genes in cell models.
| Sequence | Gly-His-Lys · Cu²⁺ complex |
| CAS Number | 89030-95-5 |
| Format | Lyophilized powder |
| Vial Size | 50mg |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| Testing | HPLC + LC-MS + COA |
| Storage | −20 °C (lyophilized) |
MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It is one of a class of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) that regulate nuclear gene expression. Research has examined MOTS-c in models of insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and AMPK activation. Studies demonstrate it can translocate to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it regulates metabolic gene expression. It is often co-studied with NAD+ and 5-Amino-1MQ in metabolic research models.
| Sequence | 16 amino acids (mitochondrial) |
| CAS Number | 1627580-64-6 |
| Format | Lyophilized powder |
| Vial Size | 10mg |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| Testing | HPLC + LC-MS + COA |
| Storage | −20 °C (lyophilized) |
The above profiles represent a selection of key compounds. The full BioLongevity Labs catalog includes 150+ research peptides and bioregulators — all at 99%+ purity with independent COA. Browse the full research catalog →
Bioregulator Peptides
Bioregulators are a distinct class of ultra-short peptides (typically 2–4 amino acids) originally isolated from mammalian organ-specific peptide fractions by Prof. Vladimir Khavinson’s research group at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology.
The bioregulator hypothesis proposes that these short peptides act as epigenetic regulators — modulating DNA methylation patterns and histone modification states in a tissue-selective manner. Extensive preclinical research has examined their interactions with chromatin and their gene-regulatory effects in cell models derived from specific tissues. Unlike longer synthetic peptides, bioregulators typically consist of 2–4 amino acid sequences corresponding to specific chromatin-binding domains.
| Name | Sequence | Primary Research Area | Vial Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cartalax | Ala-Glu-Asp | Cartilage & connective tissue | 20mg | Tripeptide |
| Vilon | Lys-Glu | Immune system, thymus | 20mg | Dipeptide |
| Pinealon | Glu-Asp-Arg | Brain, pineal, circadian | 20mg | Tripeptide |
| Cortagen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | Brain, vascular | 20mg | Tetrapeptide |
| Bronchogen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu | Bronchial epithelium, lung | 20mg | Tetrapeptide |
| Chonluten | Glu-Asp-Leu | Bronchial mucosa | 20mg | Tripeptide |
| Pancragen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp | Pancreatic cells | 20mg | Tetrapeptide |
| Vesugen | Lys-Glu-Asp | Vascular endothelium | 20mg | Tripeptide |
| Livagen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala | Liver, chromatin regulation | 20mg | Tetrapeptide |
| Thymagen | Glu-Trp | Thymus, T-cell models | 20mg | Dipeptide |
| Prostamax | Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro | Prostate epithelial cells | 20mg | Tetrapeptide |
| Ovagen | Glu-Asp-Leu | Liver, retina, ovary models | 20mg | Tripeptide |
The majority of bioregulator research originated from Soviet and Russian research institutions. While the body of literature is substantial, bioregulators have not undergone Western-style Phase I–III clinical trials. All BioLongevity Labs bioregulators are supplied strictly for in vitro research use only.
Testing & Quality Standards
Analytical purity and identity verification are prerequisites for reproducible research. The BioLongevity Labs verification protocol applies to every batch of every compound, with no exceptions.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection is performed by an independent certified laboratory. The resulting chromatogram confirms that the target peptide peak constitutes ≥99% of total detectable area. The full chromatogram is included in the Certificate of Analysis.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry independently confirms the molecular weight of the compound to within ±0.1 Da, verifying that the synthesized peptide matches the intended sequence. This step catches truncated sequences, deletion analogs, and racemization artifacts that HPLC alone may not detect.
Each compound’s CAS number is cross-referenced against registry databases to confirm structural identity and naming accuracy. This is critical for compounds with multiple naming conventions (e.g., Epitalon vs. Epithalon) or close structural analogs.
Endotoxin contamination from bacterial cell walls (lipopolysaccharides) is a common source of artifactual results in cell-based assays. All BioLongevity Labs vials are screened using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) method, with results documented in the COA.
Microbiological contamination testing is performed to ensure vials are free from bacterial and fungal contamination that could compromise in vitro research results.
A batch-specific Certificate of Analysis is issued by the independent testing laboratory. It includes: accession number, test dates, CAS number, purity percentage, HPLC chromatogram image, LC-MS spectrum data, endotoxin result, sterility result, and principle chemist signature. COAs are available before purchase.
Reconstitution Guide
Proper reconstitution technique is essential for maintaining peptide integrity and obtaining accurate working concentrations. The following protocol applies to standard lyophilized research peptide vials.
Bacteriostatic water (BAC water, 0.9% benzyl alcohol in sterile water) is the standard reconstitution solvent for lyophilized research peptides. It provides antimicrobial stability for reconstituted solutions stored at 4 °C. Sterile water for injection (SWFI) or sterile PBS may be appropriate for specific assay conditions — consult your research protocol. BioLongevity Labs supplies BAC Water (30ml) as a research accessory.
- Allow the lyophilized vial to reach room temperature before opening (10–15 minutes). This prevents condensation from entering the vial and moisture-induced degradation during reconstitution.
- Calculate the required volume of reconstitution solvent based on the desired working concentration. Example: a 10mg vial reconstituted in 2.0mL BAC water yields a 5mg/mL stock solution.
- Using a sterile syringe, inject the reconstitution solvent against the inner wall of the vial — do not inject directly onto the lyophilized cake. Aim the stream at the glass sidewall to allow gentle wetting.
- Do not vortex or shake the vial. Gently swirl the vial in a slow rolling motion until the lyophilized powder is fully dissolved. Most peptides dissolve within 30–60 seconds of gentle swirling.
- Inspect visually for complete dissolution. The solution should be clear and colorless (or faintly colored for copper-chelating peptides such as GHK-Cu, which may appear pale blue). Particulates or cloudiness may indicate incomplete dissolution or degradation.
- Aliquot into smaller volumes appropriate for individual experimental use. This prevents repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the stock solution, which degrade peptide integrity over time.
- Label all vials with the compound name, concentration, reconstitution date, and solvent used. Store aliquots at −20 °C for medium-term storage or −80 °C for long-term storage. Reconstituted solutions stored at 4 °C in BAC water are typically stable for 2–4 weeks (compound-specific).
Some peptides may require the addition of a small volume of 0.1% acetic acid or DMSO to aid initial dissolution before diluting to the final volume with BAC water. Check the individual product page or COA for compound-specific solubility notes. Avoid strongly alkaline solvents which can racemize amino acid residues.
Storage Protocols
Peptide stability is temperature- and humidity-dependent. Following correct storage protocols is critical for maintaining compound integrity between experiments.
Sealed lyophilized vials are stable at −20 °C for 24+ months. Avoid temperature cycling. Keep away from moisture and light.
Reconstituted solutions in BAC water are typically stable at 4 °C refrigeration for 2–4 weeks. Compound-specific — consult COA notes.
Single-use aliquots stored at −80 °C maintain integrity for extended periods. Limit freeze-thaw cycles to <3 per aliquot.
All BioLongevity Labs certified peptides are shipped with ice packs and insulated packaging to maintain cold chain integrity during transit. Upon receipt, lyophilized vials should be transferred to −20 °C freezer storage immediately. Do not store at room temperature for extended periods, as even dry lyophilized peptides are susceptible to oxidation, hydrolysis, and aggregation above 25 °C over time.
Many peptides (particularly those containing tryptophan, tyrosine, or methionine residues) are photosensitive. Store in amber vials or wrapped in foil. Avoid prolonged UV exposure during handling.
Each freeze-thaw cycle introduces mechanical stress that can cause peptide aggregation and backbone hydrolysis. Pre-aliquot reconstituted solutions into single-experiment volumes to preserve stock integrity.
Research Glossary
Key terminology for researchers working with synthetic peptides, bioregulators, and related research-grade chemical compounds.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The primary analytical method for determining peptide purity. A chromatogram plots compound retention time against UV absorbance; the ratio of the target peak area to total peak area yields the purity percentage.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Couples chromatographic separation with mass-to-charge detection to confirm the molecular weight and identity of a peptide compound, verifying the sequence is correct and intact.
Certificate of Analysis (Certified peptides). A document issued by an independent testing laboratory that records the analytical test results (purity, identity, endotoxin, sterility) for a specific production batch, identified by accession number.
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. The dominant method for synthesizing research peptides. Amino acids are added sequentially to a resin-bound chain, allowing construction of any defined sequence with high reproducibility.
Freeze-drying. The process of removing water from a frozen peptide solution under vacuum, producing a dry powder (lyophilized cake) with significantly enhanced long-term stability compared to liquid formulations.
Research Use Only. A regulatory classification indicating that a product is intended solely for laboratory research, pharmaceutical R&D, or new test development — not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or human/animal use.
A class of short-chain peptides (2–4 amino acids) studied for tissue-specific regulatory activity. Originally derived from organ-specific peptide fractions; now synthesized via SPPS. Distinguished from longer synthetic peptides by their ultra-short sequence.
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay. The standard method for detecting bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) in research-grade compounds. Endotoxin contamination is a major confounding variable in cell-based assays; LAL testing confirms its absence.
The process of dissolving a lyophilized peptide in an appropriate solvent (typically BAC water or sterile PBS) to produce a liquid solution at a defined concentration for laboratory use.
Bacteriostatic Water. Sterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which inhibits microbial growth. The standard reconstitution solvent for lyophilized research peptides, providing stability for solutions stored at 4 °C for up to 4 weeks.
Current Good Manufacturing Practice. A set of quality system regulations specifying minimum requirements for manufacturing processes. BioLongevity Labs manufacturing partners operate cGMP-aligned facilities, though RUO peptides are not manufactured as pharmaceutical products.
Mitochondria-Derived Peptide. A class of bioactive peptides encoded by short open reading frames within mitochondrial DNA, including MOTS-c and Humanin. MDPs have been found to regulate metabolism and stress responses through nuclear gene expression.
Research Use Only — Legal Disclaimer
Chemical Supplier Statement: BioLongevity Labs is a chemical supplier. BioLongevity Labs is not a compounding pharmacy or chemical compounding facility as defined under 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. BioLongevity Labs is not an outsourcing facility as defined under 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Research Use Only (RUO): All products sold on this site are Research Use Only and are intended solely for basic research, pharmaceutical research, or the development of new tests — not for diagnosing a disease or condition in any patient. These products are not drugs or medications and are not intended for human or animal use. Misusing these products is illegal.
All information published in this guide is provided for scientific and educational purposes only. BioLongevity Labs makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding the fitness of any product for any particular purpose beyond research use. Customers are responsible for understanding and complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their jurisdiction.